CapabilitiesIsolation
Its own virtual machine
Each sandbox is a separate virtual machine (microVM or full VM), not a container sharing a kernel with neighbours.
Short answer: 12 of 16 providers offer it fully: Blaxel, Boat, Cloudflare Sandbox, E2B, InstaBox, Lizard, Morph, Runtime, Sandboxer, Sprites, Vercel Sandbox and boxd. With a catch: Agent 37, Daytona, Modal and Tensorlake. Checked 29 October 2026.
Who offers it
Part of Isolation: what kind of computer you get, which explains why it matters.
Fully: Blaxel, Boat, boxd, Cloudflare Sandbox, E2B, InstaBox, Lizard, Morph, Runtime, Sandboxer, Sprites and Vercel Sandbox. With a catch: Agent 37, Daytona, Modal and Tensorlake.
Each sandbox is a microVM with its own kernel; the default kernel refuses module loading.
docs-confirmed “the microVM boundary remains the isolation guarantee between your sandbox and everything else.” Source
docs-confirmed “Each sandbox is a full Linux virtual machine with its own kernel.” Source
docs-confirmed “Every boxd machine is a KVM microVM with its own kernel, network stack, and disk.” Source
One microVM per container; inside it every process is root, so there is no separation between users in one sandbox.
docs-confirmed “Each container instance runs in a Firecracker microVM with its own kernel and network.” Source
docs-confirmed “Every sandbox is a Firecracker microVM, not a container.” Source
docs-confirmed “in a Firecracker microVM” Source
Older sandboxes created before the October 2026 change were pods on a shared kernel.
docs-confirmed “Sandboxes run as Firecracker microVMs, each with its own kernel.” Source
docs-confirmed “Full virtual machines capable of running any configuration of containers” Source
docs-confirmed “Every sandbox is a Firecracker microVM. It has its own Linux kernel and disk.” Source
docs-confirmed “Each sandbox is a separate Cloud Hypervisor microVM with its own kernel.” Source
No systemd: a built-in service manager starts services when the machine wakes.
docs-confirmed “Sprites are persistent, hardware-isolated Linux VMs on Fly.io for AI agents, dev environments and untrusted code, billed by the second and free when idle.” Source
docs-confirmed “each sandbox runs in its own Firecracker microVM with a dedicated kernel.” Source
The catch: The standard machine is a gVisor container, which is not a computer of its own; a true virtual machine with its own kernel is a separate type at 2.5 times the price.
The vm type adds Docker, Kubernetes and Android emulators.
docs-confirmed “Every sandbox is enforced by gVisor, with its own filesystem and a hard disk quota.” Source
The catch: By default each sandbox is a container sharing the host's kernel; a real virtual machine is a separate kind you have to choose.
docs-confirmed “Sandboxes run as Linux containers by default.” Source
The catch: The default is a gVisor container, which is not a computer of its own; a true virtual machine with its own kernel is a separate runtime you have to ask for.
docs-confirmed “VMs run the Sandbox in a virtual machine with its own Linux kernel.” Source
The catch: The ordinary machines are real virtual machines, but the graphics-card machines you have to ask for are containers instead.
Graphics sandboxes are the exception; the standard CPU machines have their own kernel.
docs-confirmed “GPU sandboxes use gVisor while CPU-only sandboxes run in VMs.” Source
Related
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